Respiration

Respiration 

All living organisms require energy to carry out various life processes . 

The energy that is stored in the body in the form of complex organic compounds means (potential energy) is  however not usable  by the organisms unless it is converted into usable form .

This conversion is achieved through the process of respiration .

Respiration  

It is a bio-chemical process all oxidation off origanic  compounds in an orderly Manner for the liberation of chemical energy in the form of ATP .

C6 H12 O6  +  O2  ➡  6 CO2  +  6H2O +  38 ATP 

For this, the process gaseous exchange takes place the organism and  the environment .

The site of gaseous exchange is called the respiratory surface .

Organs of Respiratory Exchange

Respirator exchange is a simple physical process .

For efficient gaseous exchange , the respiratory surface should have the following features :- 

a.   It should have a large surface area .

b.   It  should  be  thin, highly vascular  and permeable to allow exchange of gases.

c.   It should be moist.

Gaseous exchange in plants

The shape and structure of plants facilitate gaseous exchange by diffusion . Terres-trial flowering plant has many air spaces between the cells of stem , leaf  and root .

This air spaces are continues .

Oxygen diffuses into the air space through stomata ( the pores on the leaves and young stems ) ,carbon dioxide and water vapor diffuse out .

In the aerated soil the oxygen dissolves in the film of moisture or water around the root tissue and enters it by diffusion . Woody flowering plant (trees and shrubs) have an external imprevious bark .

Here , gaseous exchange occurs through small pores in the stem surface , called lenticals .

Desperation in Animals

As compared to plant animals show wide variety of respiratory surfaces or organs .

The respiratory surfaces differ in various animals , depending upon the complexity of organization and the surrounding medium ,  certain parts of the body havebecome specialized into different types of respiratory organs .

In the higher animals, these respiratory organs are also associated with a transport system .