Graphite

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Graphite 
            

       ⚫ Second allotrope of Carbon ⚫

1)  Graphite is found in the natural state in Russia , New Zealand , America , and India.
2)  The lead used in pencil is made by mixing graphite with clay.
3)  This process was discovered by Nicolas Jacques Conte in 1795.
4)  Graphite is black in color.

⚫ Structure 

1)  Every carbon atom in graphite is bonded to three other carbon atoms in such a way that hexagonal layered structure is formed .
2)  A graphite crystal is made of many sheets or layers of carbon atoms .
3)  These layers slips over each other on applying pressure.
4)  One layer of graphite is called graphene.

⚫ Properties of Graphite 

1)  Graphite found in nature is black , soft , brittle and slippery.
2)  Inside each layer of graphite , free electrons move continuously within the entire layer .
3)  Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
4)  Due to layered structure graphite can be used for writing on paper.
5)  The density of graphite is 1.9 to 2.3 g/cm³.
6)  Graphite does not dissolve in most solvents.
⚫ Uses of Graphite 

1.  Graphite is used for making lubricants .
2.  Graphite is used for making carbon electrodes .
3.  Graphite is used in pencils for writing.
4.  Graphite is used in paints and polish.
5.  Graphite is used in arc lamps which gave a very bright light.

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